I have used TeXmacs on and off over my college years. Just today, I came across it again when I wanted to write a quick mathematical proof to share with one of my colleagues and did not feel like waiting for LaTeX to install on my machine.
Going through the TeXmacs installation directory, I come across something I wasn’t expecting
$ ls /Applications/TeXmacs-1.99.12.app/Contents/Resources/share/TeXmacs/plugins
...
mathematica
...
Mathematica! that’s cool, I think to myself. Over the last 2 months or so, I have also been trying to learn some mathematica programming and this seemed like something that could make it more useful for me. I looked around in the TeXmacs GUI but could not find any mentions of Mathematica. Having no clue, I went to the mathematica plugin directory to see if I can find something there. One particular file caught my attention
bin/tm_mathematica
Without much thought, I execute it
$ ./bin/tm_mathematica
Mathematica seems not to be installed
That’s weird, I’m pretty sure I have mathematica installed. Let’s look at bin/tm_mathematica.
MATH0=`which math`
if [ $? -ne 0 ]
then error "Mathematica seems not to be installed"
fi
Aha! It detects if mathematica is installed by check if the math executable exists. I’m not sure why I did not have this executable. I had a vague memory of calling the math executable on my university’s machine but that was a few years ago. I looked through the mathematica installation directory to see if I could find any clues.
$ ls /Applications/Mathematica.app/Contents/MacOS
MathKernel
Mathematica
MathematicaServer
WolframKernel
wolfram
wolframscript
MathKernel looked promising so I fired it up and it seemed to be just like math. At this point, I go ahead and create a script /usr/local/bin/math
#!/bin/bash
/Applications/Mathematica.app/Contents/MacOS/MathKernel "$@"
Now that I had math, the bin/tm_mathematica script could proceed. I ran the script again. This time, I see that it tries to compile a C file but fails due to missing headers (mathlink.h) and libraries (libML64i4 and a few others). I look at the script again and see that the rest of the script does a bunch of stuff but most importantly:
1) Create the environment variable MATHLINK_PATH
2) Call make -f Makefile.lazy
Looking at Makefile.lazy which is present in the mathematica plugin directory, I see that it calls
gcc -m64 -o $(TEXMACS_HOME_PATH)/bin/tm_mathematica.bin src.lazy/tm_mathematica.c -I $(MATHLINK_PATH) -L $(MATHLINK_PATH) -lML64i4 -lm -lpthread -lrt -lstdc++ -ldl -luuid
To figure out what MATHLINK_PATH should be, I run:
$ locate mathlink.h
/Applications/Mathematica.app/Contents/Documentation/English/System/ReferencePages/Files/mathlink.h.nb
/Applications/Mathematica.app/Contents/Frameworks/mathlink.framework/Versions/4/Headers/mathlink.h
/Applications/Mathematica.app/Contents/Frameworks/mathlink.framework/Versions/4.36/Headers/mathlink.h
/Applications/Mathematica.app/Contents/SystemFiles/Links/MathLink/DeveloperKit/MacOSX-x86-64/CompilerAdditions/mathlink.framework/Versions/4/Headers/mathlink.h
/Applications/Mathematica.app/Contents/SystemFiles/Links/MathLink/DeveloperKit/MacOSX-x86-64/CompilerAdditions/mathlink.framework/Versions/4.36/Headers/mathlink.h
/Applications/Mathematica.app/Contents/SystemFiles/Links/MathLink/DeveloperKit/MacOSX-x86-64/CompilerAdditions/mathlink.h
Since MATHLINK_PATH has been used both as an include directory and a link directory, it must contain both, a header and a library. /Applications/Mathematica.app/Contents/SystemFiles/Links/MathLink/DeveloperKit/MacOSX-x86-64/CompilerAdditions was the only path which met those conditions so set that as the MATHLINK_PATH in bin/tm_mathematica.
Next, I notice that Makefile.lazy referred to TEXMACS_HOME_PATH. This was not being set in tm_mathematica so I go ahead and also set that in the script.
export MATHLINK_PATH="/Applications/Mathematica.app/Contents/SystemFiles/Links/MathLink/DeveloperKit/MacOSX-x86-64/CompilerAdditions"
export TEXMACS_HOME_PATH="$HOME/.TeXmacs"
I run bin/tm_mathematica again and this time things actually seem to move, however, I again end up with a bunch of linker errors. After a little bit of googling I come across this page https://community.wolfram.com/groups/-/m/t/610879 which talked about linking errors.
Here are the contents of that page:
Question
On OS X 10.11 with Mathematica 10.0.0.0 while linking I get a slew of errors starting with the following. I am using clang-700.1.76. I suspect I am missing some library in linking, but cannot seem to find where this is coming from. Any help would be much appreciated.
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64: “_CFDictionaryCreate”, referenced from: MLAlertdarwin in libMLi4.a(mlosx.c.o) MLRequestdarwin in libMLi4.a(mlosx.c.o) MLConfirmdarwin in libMLi4.a(mlosx.c.o)
Answer
In case anyone else runs into this I was able to solve it with the following:
compile with cc link with g++ (both are clang++ modulo a configuration prefix and gxx-include dir)
In linking used the flags: -stdlib=libstdc++ -framework Foundation -lc++
Reading this, I modify Makefile.lazy to use this:
$(TEXMACS_HOME_PATH)/bin/tm_mathematica.bin: src.lazy/tm_mathematica.c
cc -c src.lazy/tm_mathematica.c -I $(MATHLINK_PATH) -o /tmp/tm_mathematica.o
g++ /tmp/tm_mathematica.o -L $(MATHLINK_PATH) -lMLi4 -lm -lpthread -luuid -ldl -framework Foundation -lc++ -o $(TEXMACS_HOME_PATH)/bin/tm_mathematica.bin
I also had to install ossp-uuid to be able to use -luuid in the Makefile.
brew install ossp-uuid
On running bin/tm_mathematica again, everything goes smoothly.
Next I start TeXmacs to see if I actually had access to mathematica now.
Insert -> Session -> Mathematica
There it was!
On starting the Mathematica session I get the text “Mathematica” and the usual mathematica prompt “In[1]” in red which I did not like because all that red seemed like there was some error however everything seemed to work fine.
Out of curiosity, I check src.lazy/tm_mathematica.c and there I see
fputs("\2latex:\\red Mathematica",stdout);
while (1) {
/* Prompt */
printf("\2prompt#\\red In[%1d]:= {}\5\5",InNum++);
fflush(stdout);
if (getline(&input,&size,stdin)>=0) command(input);
}
I change the “red” to “blue”, re-run bin/tm_mathematica, restart TeXmacs, start mathematica session and sure enough, I see a blue prompt this time. This is all for the time being but there are a few limitations I would like to find a solution to:
1) Plotting does not work 2) Mathlink seems to have been deprecated in favor of WSTP 3) The tm_mathematica script does not work out of the box